The average House Fly adult is a dull grey color and about 4 to 8 mm long, female larger than male. Adult face has 2 strips, silver above and gold below; thorax has 4 narrow stripes; no pale spot behind head or rear tip of thorax; sides of abdomen usually pale; sponging mouth parts.
Females lay eggs on almost any warm, moist material with adequate food supply for egg laying and larval development. Most houseflies stay within 1 to 2 kilometers of their larval habitat if food is available, though some have migrated up to 25 kilometers. During the day, they rest less than 5 ft. from the ground; at night, mainly above 5 ft., but near their food sources.
Houseflies are general feeders on liquids; attracted to many substances, from excrement to human foods. Houseflies can liquefy solid foods by regurgitation.
Adult female lays oval, white eggs singly in clusters of 20 to 60, laying 300 to 900 eggs in her lifetime. Eggs hatch in 8to 20 hours. Larvae go through 3 instars in 3 to 7 days. Full grown larvae go to a cool, dry place to pupate, traveling up to 150 feet in 3 to 4 days. Pupa goes from yellowish to black during a period of a few days to a month, depending on temperature and humidity. After emerging, the body hardens and the wings dry within about an hour. Development from egg to adult can be as few as 6 days, with 10 to 12 generations per summer. Adults live about 15 to 25 days.
Houseflies excrete and regurgitate whenever stopping to rest. They have many hairs and bristles, as well as sticky pads at the base of the leg claws. Therefore, they tend to transmit disease organisms, especially those associated with filth.
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